VIDRAFT Pre-Trains a 46M-Parameter Language Model on Inference-Only NPUs, Without GPUs
VIDRAFT has pre-trained a small language model called VKORE-46M-NPU entirely on a first-generation inference-only NPU, avoiding GPUs at every training stage. The 46-million-parameter model was trained from random initialization on a public dataset and can generate short English stories. The company implemented backpropagation through its own VKORE software layer, since the chip's vendor offers no training stack for it. A matched GPU run showed a 0.99 correlation in loss trajectories, indicating numerically consistent training, though the company stresses this is not a claim of matching GPU training speed. The model and comparison materials are publicly available on Hugging Face, with detailed implementation methods promised in a forthcoming paper.
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