JWT Security in 2026: Signing Algorithms, Common Attacks, and Token Rotation

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A DEV Community guide examines JSON Web Token security, explaining how JWTs are structured and why they remain frequently misconfigured in modern applications. It compares signing algorithms such as HS256, RS256, ES256, and EdDSA (Ed25519) and their cryptographic trade-offs. The article details major vulnerabilities, including algorithm confusion, the "alg: none" exploit, and kid header injection attacks. It also highlights risks such as storing tokens in localStorage, which exposes sessions to cross-site scripting theft. The guide concludes with recommended practices for stateless authentication and Refresh Token Rotation.

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