How Phone-Use AI Agents Evolved From AutoGLM to Droidrun and Mobilerun

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Phone-use agents, which can operate smartphone interfaces by tapping, scrolling, and typing, have developed over several years rather than emerging suddenly. Zhipu AI introduced AutoGLM on October 25, 2024, an agent that interprets instructions and completes multi-step tasks within mobile apps. Its research paper reported a 36.2% success rate on AndroidLab's mobile evaluation and 89.7% on common tasks in popular Chinese applications. In parallel, general-purpose research agents such as OpenAI Deep Research and Manus gained attention in early 2025 for planning and executing complex workflows. The category's progress eventually led to open-source Android frameworks like Droidrun and cloud-based expansions such as Mobilerun.

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