Clojure Explained: A Modern Lisp Built for the JVM

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Lisp, the second-oldest language still in use, inspired many later languages, but few programmers write it today. Clojure, released in 2007, modernizes Lisp by running on the JVM, giving access to Java libraries and replacing mutable lists with immutable data structures. Its design centers on immutable data by default, code represented as data so macros are native, and a REPL-driven workflow for interactive development. Because it is hosted on the JVM, Clojure programs can be deployed wherever Java runs. Its drawbacks include an unfamiliar syntax, slower JVM startup time, a small talent pool, and sometimes cryptic error messages.

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