Case Studies Show How Hospital AMRs Are Developed End to End, From Requirements to Deployment

This chapter from the AMR Engineering Process and Development Manual examines how hospital autonomous mobile robots are built, from initial concept through real-world operation. It explains that hospitals present uniquely complex conditions, where patients, staff, visitors, and medical equipment share spaces around the clock, demanding integrated work across navigation, safety, cybersecurity, and reliability. Development begins with requirements analysis involving hospital administrators, clinicians, and infection-control specialists, who help identify repetitive transport tasks such as medication, lab sample, and linen delivery. The engineering approach then translates these needs into a modular architecture separating hardware, software, communication, perception, and cloud services, with mechanical and electrical design tailored to narrow corridors, quiet operation, and easy disinfection. The chapter emphasizes that clearly defined interfaces simplify testing, maintenance, and future expansion.