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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

How to Build a Custom AI Chatbot: Architecture, Timelines, Risks, and Vendor Tips

Businesses are increasingly deploying custom AI chatbots for tasks ranging from customer support and lead qualification to internal document search and workflow automation. Unlike off-the-shelf solutions, custom chatbots must integrate with company data, enforce business rules, connect to existing systems, and protect sensitive information. Developers often use techniques like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to give chatbots access to company-specific knowledge without retraining the underlying model. Key considerations during development include security, access control, data privacy, and ongoing monitoring, all of which should be addressed from the outset rather than added later. When selecting a vendor, businesses are advised to evaluate technical capability, security practices, scalability, post-launch support, and total long-term cost rather than focusing solely on the lowest upfront quote.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Postgres RLS Write Gap: Green Isolation Tests Can Hide Cross-Tenant Data Corruption

A subtle flaw in PostgreSQL Row-Level Security (RLS) configuration can allow one tenant to overwrite another tenant's records, even when all isolation tests pass as green. The issue surfaces when developers fix a seeding error caused by FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY by relaxing the WITH CHECK clause to WITH CHECK (true), which disables write-side enforcement while leaving read filters intact. This means cross-tenant UPDATE statements without a WHERE clause can silently move rows between tenants, a vulnerability that existing read-only isolation assertions cannot detect. The correct approach is to omit WITH CHECK entirely, letting Postgres apply the USING expression to both reads and writes by default. Developers using Symfony or any framework that seeds fixtures as the table owner under FORCE RLS should audit their policies to ensure write-path enforcement has not been inadvertently removed.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Number-Verification Gates Miss False Claims If No Figures Are Involved

A developer discovered that their automated fact-checking pipeline, which verified every numerical figure against its source, still allowed fabricated narrative claims to pass undetected. Of 79 AI-generated drafts that cleared the gate, 8 contained false first-person assertions — such as claiming a web scraper was built or deployed — because those statements carried no numbers for the gate to check. A manual review of all 79 drafts was required to identify and discard the problematic eight. In response, the developer expanded the pipeline to cross-reference every first-person action verb in a draft against a personal log of work actually performed. The fix introduces occasional false rejections when wording differs between the draft and the log, but the developer considers that an acceptable trade-off.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Anthropic Launches Claude 3.5 Sonnet With Live Coding Workspace Feature

Anthropic has released Claude 3.5 Sonnet, the first model in its 3.5 series, offering faster performance and lower cost than its predecessor, Claude 3 Opus. A standout addition called Artifacts transforms the claude.ai interface into a collaborative workspace, letting users view rendered outputs and edit code in real time without switching between tools. In internal agentic coding tests, the new model resolved 64% of problems compared to 38% for Opus, indicating stronger capabilities in debugging and autonomous code execution. The model is priced at $3 per million input tokens and $15 per million output tokens, and is accessible via the Anthropic API, Amazon Bedrock, and Google Cloud Vertex AI. The release signals a broader shift in AI-assisted development, moving the model from a chat-based assistant toward an active participant embedded directly in the builder's workflow.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Developer builds AI agent that reads and runs VBA directly in Excel workbooks

A developer has created a tool called VBridge that connects an AI agent directly to Excel VBA projects, bypassing the manual copy-paste workflow most users rely on. The traditional approach of pasting macro code into a chatbot fails because the AI cannot see the full workbook context, including sheet names, module variables, and live data. VBridge lets Claude Code read actual .bas and .cls files, execute macros against the open workbook, and interpret real runtime errors on the user's machine. The agent iterates autonomously on failures before presenting the user with a reviewed diff rather than raw code. The tool is positioned as especially useful for large, legacy VBA workbooks where critical context is spread across multiple modules and sheets.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Audit Finds 66% of 10,238 Code Blocks Unowned, All Traced to One Missing Declaration

A codebase audit revealed that 6,718 of 10,238 code blocks had no declared owner, accounting for 66% of the total. All orphaned blocks were found in a single tools directory that had simply never been added to the ownership model, making the fix a single declaration rather than thousands of individual corrections. A separate finding flagged 916 orphan Rust functions spread across 14 crates, representing a genuine backlog requiring multiple review passes. The audit also exposed a counting inconsistency in proof declarations, where three different search methods returned three different totals, highlighting an undefined term rather than a data error. The exercise underscores how grouping and concentration data alongside raw counts is critical to distinguishing a systemic gap from a true backlog.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Static Disposable Email Blocklists Fail Without Regular Updates, Developers Warned

Developers who rely on static lists of disposable email domains to block fake signups are leaving their platforms vulnerable, according to a post by the creator of Email Score, a signup validation service. The core problem is that new burner email domains are created continuously, meaning any blocklist that is not updated regularly will quickly become outdated. The author argues that list size is a vanity metric, noting that a competitor advertising over 300,000 blocked domains may simply have scraped more historical data rather than tracking new threats. To address this, the author recommends syncing disposable-only feeds on a weekly or daily schedule, deduplicating entries, and explicitly allowing legitimate privacy relay services like Apple Hide My Email and SimpleLogin to avoid blocking real users. Developers are also advised to run disposable checks before creating user accounts, soft-score ambiguous cases rather than hard-blocking them, and fail open if the validation service times out.

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IndiaTimes of India ·

Equestrian Anush Agarwalla abandons bid for 2026 Asian Games berth

Indian equestrian athlete Anush Agarwalla has given up hope of competing at the 2026 Asian Games, scheduled to begin on September 19. The rider had appealed to multiple governing bodies, including the Equestrian Federation of India, the Sports Ministry, and the Indian Olympic Association, seeking support for his participation. However, his repeated pleas went unanswered by all three organisations. Agarwalla expressed a sense of betrayal over the lack of response from the authorities responsible for supporting Indian athletes.

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SpaceNASA ·

NASA's 2025 Astronaut Candidates Deep in Rigorous Summer Training Program

NASA's 2025 Astronaut Candidate Class, comprising 10 individuals, has been undergoing an intensive training program since being publicly introduced on September 22, 2025. The candidates were formally presented to the public at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Their training curriculum is described as comprehensive and rigorous, covering a wide range of activities and disciplines. Activities undertaken during the summer training period have included camping, hiking, water-based exercises, and aircraft training.

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TechnologyTechCrunch ·

TechCrunch Disrupt 2026 to Host Session on AI Startups Surviving Foundation Model Advances

TechCrunch Disrupt 2026 will feature an interactive session on the Builders Stage addressing a key challenge for AI startups. The core concern is not whether foundation models like those from OpenAI will keep improving, but whether independent AI companies can sustain their value as they do. Founders are warned that the real threat is building a successful product only to see it absorbed as a feature by a larger platform. The session aims to help builders think strategically about differentiation and long-term viability. Early registration is open, with discounts of up to $200 available before September 25.

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TechnologyThe Verge ·

Adam Conover argues YouTube is a worse gatekeeper than traditional TV networks

Comedian and writer Adam Conover, known for Adam Ruins Everything, appeared on The Verge's Decoder podcast to discuss the disrupted state of the media industry. He argued that Hollywood weakened itself by abandoning entire categories of TV programming in its race to compete with Netflix and HBO, ceding that ground to YouTube. Conover contends that YouTube is not a democratizing force but actually a more opaque gatekeeper than legacy broadcasters, since creators cannot negotiate with a recommendation algorithm. Now running what he describes as a small media business on YouTube, Conover hosts the podcast Factually! and recently hired his first full-time employee to manage his workload. He also pushes back on the term 'creator,' reflecting his broader skepticism about how tech platforms exercise leverage over the people who produce content for them.

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WorldBBC World ·

Missing South African Runner Found Dead Amid Series of Women's Deaths

The body of Elizabeth Moselakgomo, a runner who had gone missing, was discovered in South Africa following a nationwide search appeal launched last week. Authorities and the public had been searching for her after she disappeared without explanation. Her body was found in an area where the remains of four other women had also recently been located. The cluster of deaths in the same vicinity has raised serious alarm among residents and officials. The cases have prompted widespread fear and concern over the safety of women in the region.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Developer discovers coverage check that could only ever show 100% by design

A software developer found that a code coverage check in their project always displayed 13/13, not because coverage was genuinely complete, but because both the numerator and denominator were derived from the same array. Since the numerator was simply the array mapped through a function, its length could never differ from the denominator, making failure mathematically impossible. The real risk — an error case with no matching classifier arm — was invisible because missing entries were absent from both sides of the fraction simultaneously. The fix involved replacing the denominator with an independent source, the full set of known error kinds, so any gap would cause the ratio to drop. The developer has since added an 'aggregation gap' audit rule to automatically flag coverage checks where the numerator and denominator share the same source.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Why 'One-Shot' AI Development Is a Myth and Collaboration Still Matters

The idea of 'one-shot' AI development — where a single prompt autonomously produces a complete project — has gained buzz in tech circles, but experts argue it fundamentally misunderstands how AI tools work. AI coding agents lack the ability to infer unstated context, leading them to make assumptions about scope, environment, and requirements that often miss the mark. A practical test of one-shot development revealed that agents quickly began asking clarifying questions, undermining the premise of true single-prompt autonomy. Tools like Claude Skills are designed not to minimize prompts, but to supply agents with the context and success criteria needed to work effectively alongside developers. The more productive framing, advocates say, is to treat AI-assisted development as a collaborative, iterative process rather than a task handoff.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

How ngx-json-render 0.4.0 Tackled Infinite Loops in Dynamic UI Rendering

The ngx-json-render library's 0.4.0 release addressed a critical flaw where structurally valid JSON specs could crash browsers by describing circular element graphs that the renderer walked as infinite trees. Prior versions had no protection against such cycles, allowing a simple two-element spec referencing each other to exhaust the call stack and kill the browser tab. A straightforward cycle-detection fix risked breaking legitimate recursive UI patterns, such as nested menus or comment threads, which intentionally reference parent elements but terminate based on data depth. A refined rule allowing self-referencing elements only when rendering different data items per pass solved one problem but introduced another, permitting absolute state paths to re-read the same data endlessly and generate tens of thousands of nodes. The article documents this iterative debugging process as evidence that structural validity and render safety are distinct properties requiring separate enforcement mechanisms.

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IndiaTimes of India ·

Teen Angus Liddell wins Young Citizen of Year after raising $10,000 for charity

Angus Liddell has been named Kingston's Young Citizen of the Year in recognition of his exceptional community contributions. He organized a charity swim event that helped raise $10,000 for multiple worthy causes. Liddell also broke a fundraising record at his college, further demonstrating his commitment to giving back. In addition to fundraising, he volunteered in lifesaving activities, highlighting the broader impact of his community involvement. His achievements serve as an example of the positive change young leaders can drive at the local level.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Linkerd Service Mesh Deployed on AKS to Boost Security and Observability

A technical implementation of Linkerd, a lightweight Rust-based service mesh, was carried out on an Azure Kubernetes Service cluster to address the growing complexity of microservices communication. The deployment enabled mutual TLS encryption, real-time traffic visibility, and reduced operational overhead across services. Linkerd's architecture relies on a Control Plane for policy and identity management and a Data Plane of sidecar proxies injected into application pods. Post-deployment testing confirmed successful proxy injection, stable control plane components, and accessible observability dashboards. Key takeaways include the importance of namespace planning, GitOps-based automation, and proactive certificate monitoring for production readiness.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Hestia App Uses Strands AI Agents to Flag Household Money Leaks Without Overstepping

Hestia is a household finance app built for the AWS Agents for Humans hackathon that uses two Strands AI agents to help families catch overlooked expenses like lapsed warranties, unwanted subscriptions, and missing receipts. The app runs on Amazon Bedrock using Claude Haiku 4.5 and is designed so that the AI only reads and flags issues, while all date and amount calculations are handled by plain Python code. A review agent scans household data through four read-only tools and produces a short briefing, while a separate reading agent converts pasted text into proposed records — neither agent can write, send, or modify any data. To prevent the model from overstating conclusions, the system prompt explicitly bars it from implying refund entitlements or inventing deadlines, restricting it to facts drawn directly from tool outputs. The code also independently verifies the model's responses after each run, treating the prompt as a guideline rather than a guaranteed constraint.

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IndiaTimes of India ·

Lee Jae-myung's Approval Hits New Low Over Housing Policy, Cabinet Picks

South Korean President Lee Jae-myung's approval rating has dropped to a record low amid growing public discontent. Housing policy and cabinet appointments have emerged as the primary sources of dissatisfaction among citizens. Critics contend that current housing measures have effectively shut out potential buyers from urban property markets. The presidential office has acknowledged that a combination of policy missteps and political issues are fueling the decline. In response, President Lee is planning direct outreach to the public in an effort to address these concerns.

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IndiaNDTV ·

Air India Issued Notice After 3 Italian Passengers Bypass Delhi Immigration

Three Italian nationals departed from Delhi without undergoing mandatory immigration checks, prompting Indian authorities to issue a notice to Air India. The passengers were travelling under Air India's hub-and-spoke model, which routes passengers from smaller domestic airports to a major hub before their international connection. This arrangement appears to have created a gap in the immigration screening process at Delhi airport. Authorities are investigating how the passengers were able to board their international flight without completing the required checks.

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