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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

How to Build Merkle Trees and Inclusion Proofs in Python From Scratch

A developer building AI retrieval systems explored how to cryptographically prove that a specific source document was included in the set a model processed. The solution demonstrated is a Merkle tree, a binary hash structure where each internal node is the hash of its two children, producing a single root hash that acts as a fingerprint for the entire dataset. The tutorial walks through implementing a Merkle tree in Python from scratch, covering leaf hashing, tree construction, and generating compact inclusion proofs using only O(log n) sibling hashes. Two important correctness considerations are addressed: domain separation using distinct prefixes for leaf and internal node hashes to prevent second-preimage attacks, and deterministic handling of odd-numbered tree levels. Beyond AI provenance, the technique applies broadly to transaction logs, file backups, and certificate transparency systems.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Developer Guide: Build an Earnings Call Alert Bot Using a Financial Calendar API

A new tutorial published on DEV Community walks developers through building an automated bot that tracks scheduled corporate earnings calls using a live financial calendar API. The tool queries the EarningsCall API to retrieve structured earnings event data by date, then sends alerts before companies report their quarterly results. The project targets investors, analysts, and developers who manage watchlists and risk missing key market-moving announcements during earnings season. Research from institutions like the NBER supports the premise that price movements around earnings events can extend over several days, making advance notice genuinely useful. The guide positions the bot as a lightweight risk-detection aid rather than a trading system, emphasizing reliability and timely notification over predictive complexity.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Developer builds human-gated knowledge base to stop AI agents spreading outdated data

A developer overhauled their AI agent workflow after agents repeatedly pulled outdated information from a shared Notion workspace and produced content that contradicted the actual project specifications. The new system draws a strict boundary between a curated source library, which only the developer can modify, and temporary agent-written notes that expire after 30 days and never automatically become trusted sources. Agents can read approved documents and leave notes, but all knowledge must pass through a manual triage queue where the developer assigns one of three verdicts before anything enters the permanent library. Retrieval returns verbatim passages with citations and a support score, and when sources conflict the system surfaces both sides rather than silently choosing one. The developer acknowledges becoming a deliberate bottleneck, trading full automation for a library of 87 documents they trust entirely.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Kubernetes Explained: How It Manages Containers Docker Cannot Handle Alone

Kubernetes is an orchestration system designed to manage large numbers of Docker containers running across multiple computers, called nodes. While Docker packages and runs containers, it lacks the ability to decide where containers run, restart them on failure, or scale them automatically. Kubernetes wraps containers in units called pods, the smallest deployable objects it manages, and distributes these pods across a cluster of nodes. If a node fails, Kubernetes detects the shortfall and reschedules replacement pods on healthy nodes, a behaviour known as self-healing. The system also supports scaling, allowing more pods to be spun up automatically when application traffic increases.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

ProductManagementJob.com Aims to Build a Quality-Focused PM Community

ProductManagementJob.com is developing an online community centered on preparation and quality for product management professionals. Unlike platforms that prioritize growth in numbers, the site focuses on ensuring its members are well-equipped for PM roles. The initiative was highlighted on DEV Community on September 27. The platform positions itself as a resource for serious product management job seekers and practitioners.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

ProductManagementJob.com hits 13,000 visitors in 15 days, plans AI resume and auto-apply tools

ProductManagementJob.com, a platform targeting product management job seekers, attracted 13,000 visitors and 9,000 unique users within its first 15 days of launch. The platform serves PMs across India, the United States, and Canada, aiming to address common pain points such as lack of interview feedback, unclear skill gaps, and poor job-market visibility. Founded out of frustration with how talented candidates were losing opportunities without guidance, the site lists active PM roles and aims to bring structure to job preparation. Within the next two weeks, the platform plans to roll out an AI-powered resume builder and an auto-apply feature to reduce friction in the application process. The founder has emphasized building a quality-focused community over chasing large user numbers, inviting collaboration to improve hiring transparency across the PM ecosystem.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Developer Launches Ad-Free, Privacy-First Financial Calculator Suite Apex Calc

A developer has built The Apex Calc, a free online financial calculator designed to eliminate the ads, trackers, and slow load times common on similar tools. The utility offers mortgage amortization schedules, an hourly-to-salary wage converter, and compound interest modeling. It runs entirely client-side using vanilla JavaScript and HTML5, meaning no data is sent to external servers. All monetary calculations remain local in the user's browser, ensuring privacy and fast performance on both mobile and desktop. The tool is publicly accessible and the developer is seeking community feedback on features and additional calculator models.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Two Critical RouterOS Flaws Allow Unauthenticated Admin Access to Edge Devices

MikroTik RouterOS was found to contain two serious vulnerabilities, CVE-2026-67279 and CVE-2026-86060, patched on 3 September 2026, that together allow attackers to gain full administrative control without a password or key. The first flaw mishandles SSH rekeying during authentication, while the second misinterprets a hyphen-prefixed username as a command option, bypassing login checks entirely. Because RouterOS devices typically sit at the network boundary, exploitation can enable traffic interception, firewall modification, VPN key theft, and persistent account creation. Observed attack activity included creation of a privileged SSH account and exfiltration of device diagnostic files to an external address. Fixes are available in RouterOS versions 7.25beta3, 7.24.2, 7.23.4, and 6.49.21, and administrators are urged to patch promptly, audit accounts, rotate credentials, and restrict public management access.

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ProgrammingHacker News ·

Rust Developer Explores 'Parse, Don't Validate' Design Principle

A software developer has published a blog post examining the 'Parse, don't validate' programming principle through the lens of the Rust programming language. The post, hosted on eli.thegreenplace.net, explores how Rust's type system and language features relate to this well-known software design concept. The principle advocates for transforming input data into structured types upfront rather than repeatedly validating raw data throughout a codebase. The article has gained early attention on Hacker News, accumulating points from the developer community shortly after publication.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Python Classes Explained: Why OOP Makes Your Code Easier to Manage

A beginner-focused tutorial on DEV Community explains the core concept of Python classes and object-oriented programming for developers who already understand functions and dictionaries. The guide uses a practical game scenario where managing multiple players as plain dictionaries becomes error-prone and hard to scale, motivating the switch to classes. It walks through defining a class, using the constructor method, and understanding how 'self' refers to individual object instances. A BankAccount example further demonstrates how classes bundle data and behavior — such as deposits and withdrawals — into a single, reusable structure. The key takeaway is that classes become especially valuable when multiple objects share the same shape, reducing manual work and the risk of bugs.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Developer Builds Custom JS Class to Query DOM Elements by Dataset Name and Value

A developer has shared a custom JavaScript class called GetElemsByDataset, designed to collect DOM elements by their dataset name or name-value pairs in a single call. The utility was created as an alternative to standard methods like getElementsByTagName and getElementsByClassName, which the author found limiting in certain workflows. The class accepts four arguments — a parent element, a dataset name, an optional dataset value, and a logging flag — and uses an async constructor with a for-of loop to gather matching elements. It was built as part of a new project started recently, drawing inspiration from the WHATWG specification for built-in HTML DOM methods. The author published the code on DEV Community for others to import and use directly in their own scripts.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

HariKube Aims to Fix Blurred IT Responsibilities With Declarative Contracts

A platform called HariKube has been developed to address what its creators describe as a fundamental organizational problem in modern IT: unclear boundaries of responsibility between developers, operators, and platform teams. The team argues that DevOps, as widely practiced, has blurred rather than clarified role boundaries, leading to repeated work and fragmented solutions across teams. HariKube proposes a declarative contract model where developers specify intent, operators define conditions, and the platform validates and enforces those agreements consistently. Rather than adding another abstraction layer on top of Kubernetes, it aims to extend Kubernetes' operating model to cover state management, authorization, auditability, and event propagation without custom rebuilds. The core promise is organizational scalability — stable contracts that allow developers and operators to evolve their work independently without overlapping into each other's domains.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Why malloc() Allocates Zero Physical RAM: Virtual Memory and Page Faults Explained

When a program calls malloc() to request memory in C or similar languages, the operating system does not immediately assign any physical RAM to the process. Instead, the kernel creates a virtual memory mapping by recording a new address range in the process's memory descriptor, leaving page table entries marked as invalid. Physical memory is only committed when the CPU actually tries to read or write a byte within that range, triggering a hardware event called a page fault. At that point, the CPU traps into the kernel, which walks a multi-level page table structure to locate or assign a real physical memory page. This lazy allocation strategy, managed through the Memory Management Unit and the kernel's virtual memory subsystem, allows operating systems to efficiently overcommit memory across many processes.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Roblox Now Has Three DevEx Rates; Single-Constant Calculators Are Outdated

Roblox's Developer Exchange program has operated on three simultaneous payout rates since June 2026, replacing the long-standing single-rate model. The legacy rate of $0.0035 per Robux applies to balances held before September 5, 2025, while a standard rate of $0.0038 covers Robux earned after that date. A third rate of $0.0054 was introduced on June 8, 2026, applying exclusively to qualifying purchases made by age-verified US players aged 18 and above. Because many creator balances contain a mix of all three rate tiers, using any single constant now produces inaccurate USD estimates. A developer has published an open-source Roblox ModuleScript on GitHub that models all three rates and includes conversion, minimum-threshold, and historical-rate functions.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Jev gateway does not cut Claude Code costs, its own benchmark confirms

A developer who examined the jev-gateway source code found that the tool can only operate in 'hint' mode inside Claude Code, meaning it suggests a tool to the model rather than forcing a selection. This limitation exists because Anthropic's API returns errors when tools are forced alongside extended thinking, and changing tool_choice invalidates the message cache. The gateway's own README acknowledges the constraint, stating users should expect better tool picks on large tool lists, not lower cost or latency. The published benchmark of 120 sessions shows mixed results: routing reduced token use on one task but increased input tokens by up to 61% and time by 83% on another, with one model also solving a task less reliably when routing was enabled. The viral videos promoting the tool as the cheapest agentic coding loop did not mention these trade-offs or quote the README's own disclaimer.

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ProgrammingHacker News ·

Meta Blocks Brazil President Lula's Facebook Page and Campaign Ads Before Election

Meta has blocked Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's Facebook page along with his campaign advertisements. The action comes approximately two weeks before a scheduled election in Brazil. The blocking affects Lula's ability to reach voters through one of the country's most widely used social media platforms. The move has drawn attention given the timing and the political significance of restricting a sitting president's digital campaign presence. No detailed official explanation from Meta regarding the specific reasons for the block has been widely reported.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Developer shares structured workflow for building and releasing open source projects

A software developer has outlined a practical, step-by-step approach to taking coding ideas from concept to publicly released open source projects. The workflow prioritises identifying a real problem before choosing a technology, then progresses through requirements, a minimal working version, testing, and documentation before any release. The developer emphasises that good documentation — including a clear README, CONTRIBUTING, and CHANGELOG files — is as important as the code itself for attracting contributors. Automated testing and descriptive Git commit messages are highlighted as key habits that keep projects maintainable over time. The post argues that publishing code and iterating based on real-world feedback provides learning that tutorials alone cannot replicate.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Developer Builds Clash of Clans War Outcome Simulator Using Official Game API

A developer discovered the Clash of Clans public API and used it to build a war simulation tool called WarOracle. The tool analyzes a clan's current war data, including player Town Hall levels, heroes, equipment, and past attack history, to estimate how individual attacks might perform. It then runs Monte Carlo simulations across remaining war attacks to produce win, loss, or draw probabilities along with projected star counts and score ranges. For ongoing wars, already-completed attacks are treated as fixed outcomes, with only the remaining attacks being simulated. The backend is built with Spring Boot and Java, while the frontend uses React, and the developer is still evaluating whether the tool offers genuine value to active Clash of Clans players.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Independent Benchmark Pits TypeSafe's Jev Model Against GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini

A developer has published an independent benchmark evaluating TypeSafe's Jev model against leading large language models including GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini. Unlike conventional LLMs, Jev outputs probabilities for predefined answer choices rather than generating free-form text. The benchmark focused on classification tasks such as spam detection, sentiment analysis, and topic classification. The tests were designed with reproducibility in mind, with full code made available via a public GitHub repository. Jev's probability-based approach is seen as potentially useful for intent routing, safety guardrails, and low-latency classification pipelines in AI systems.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

Why micro frontend contracts matter more than bundler config

A development team building a React-based government events platform adopted Module Federation to allow independent deployments across multiple teams, replacing a monolithic release process that forced everyone to wait on the slowest team. The core challenge they identified was not the bundler setup, which can be configured in hours, but defining and enforcing explicit contracts between the shell and remote modules. Each remote was required to declare its exposed props, emitted events, and shared dependency version ranges, with the shell refusing to mount any remote that fell outside the agreed range. This approach moved failures to load time rather than production, eliminated release-train coordination, and reduced the overall release cycle by roughly 40 percent. The team concluded that splitting frontends by team ownership, keeping shared dependencies minimal, and writing the contract before touching build config are the critical factors for sustainable micro frontend architecture.

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