Why GitHub Actions workflows should pin dependencies by SHA, not tags

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Git tags used in GitHub Actions workflows are mutable pointers that repository owners can silently redirect to different code at any time, posing a supply-chain security risk. Pinning an action to a specific commit SHA ensures the exact audited code runs every time, regardless of upstream changes. Developers should resolve each SHA themselves using the GitHub API rather than copying values from third-party sources, to establish genuine verification. Adding a version comment alongside the SHA, such as '# v4', allows tools like Dependabot to continue offering update pull requests, preventing pinned references from quietly going stale. For actions published on rolling branches, SHA pinning still applies, but teams must actively monitor and bump those references when upstream fixes are released.

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How to Call Real Phone Numbers from a Browser Using WebRTC and SIP

A developer guide explains how to connect browser-based WebRTC audio to the public telephone network (PSTN) using a SIP telephony provider such as Telnyx. The architecture involves three components: the browser capturing audio via WebRTC, a telephony provider bridging WebRTC to traditional phone infrastructure, and a backend server that issues short-lived credentials. A key security rule emphasized throughout is that API keys must never reach the browser — only a JWT token of limited duration is sent to the client. The guide also highlights non-obvious billing and timing quirks, such as zero-second calls appearing on invoices and CDR rounding mismatches. Virtual phone numbers can be purchased and configured programmatically via REST API as part of the same setup.

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

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ProgrammingDEV Community ·

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