What Is BSON and Why MongoDB Uses It Over Plain JSON

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BSON, or Binary JSON, is a binary serialization format that extends standard JSON with additional data types such as dates, binary data, Decimal128, and ObjectId. Unlike JSON, BSON stores data in binary form rather than readable text, making encoding, decoding, and storage significantly faster. MongoDB adopted BSON as its core storage and communication format because it handles high-throughput workloads efficiently and supports data types that plain JSON cannot represent. Binary encoding also tends to be more compact than text-based JSON, particularly for numbers and timestamps. Built-in size and type metadata within each BSON document further helps MongoDB optimize indexing and query performance across all officially supported language drivers.

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