What Causes Digital Eye Strain and How the 20-20-20 Rule Can Help

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Computer vision syndrome, also called digital eye strain, is a cluster of symptoms including burning eyes, blurred vision, headaches, and neck pain that develops after prolonged screen use. Two key mechanisms drive the condition: the ciliary muscle stays continuously tensed while focusing on a nearby screen, and blink rate drops during concentrated work, reducing tear film replenishment. Screens worsen eye fatigue compared to books because they emit rather than reflect light, often sit closer to the face, and demand constant micro-refocusing between tabs and windows. The 20-20-20 rule — looking at an object roughly 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes — is recommended by eye care professionals as a low-effort way to release ciliary muscle tension. Additional measures such as maintaining arm's-length screen distance, matching screen brightness to ambient light, increasing text size, and scheduling periodic vision checks can further reduce strain.

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