Webhooks vs. Polling APIs: Key Differences, Trade-offs, and When to Use Each
Software systems that need to stay in sync can use either polling APIs or webhooks, two architectures that solve the same problem in opposite ways. Polling is a pull-based model where a client repeatedly sends requests to a server at fixed intervals to check for updates, while webhooks are push-based, with the server instantly notifying the client when an event occurs. Webhooks offer near-zero latency and lower infrastructure costs but require a public endpoint, TLS setup, signature verification, and careful handling of duplicate or failed deliveries. Polling is simpler to set up and firewall-friendly, but can result in stale data and wasteful background compute when no changes are occurring. The right choice depends on use case — webhooks suit real-time needs like payments and alerts, while polling works better for bulk data pulls, prototyping, or restricted network environments.
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