VIN Position 11 Deep Dive: Plant Codes, Why They Are Manufacturer-Specific, and How to Use Them

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Position 11 of a 17-character VIN identifies the assembly plant. It's one of the most useful characters for spotting mismatches and understanding recalls, and also one of the most misunderstood, because unlike the model year code it has no universal table. This post explains how it works and how to use it correctly in code and when buying a car. Under NHTSA's VIN rule (49 CFR Part 565), position 11 must identify the plant of manufacture, and each manufacturer defines its own plant codes and submits them to NHTSA. ISO 3779 leaves position 11 to the manufacturer too.

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