Use Claude Code to Author OpenRewrite Recipes for Safe Large-Scale Java Migrations

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Directly using AI agents like Claude Code to edit large Java codebases risks introducing hallucinated API calls, broken imports, and silent runtime bugs. A safer approach involves using Claude Code to generate deterministic OpenRewrite recipes that operate on Lossless Semantic Trees (LSTs), which are type-attributed AST structures rather than plain text. These AI-authored recipes can be unit-tested and refined before being executed via the rewrite-maven-plugin in a clean CI environment, ensuring reproducible and semantically accurate code changes. This method confines LLM non-determinism to the recipe authoring phase, keeping the actual production codebase transformation fully deterministic. The approach is particularly relevant for enterprise-scale migrations such as JDK 26 upgrades, Spring Boot 3+, or Jakarta EE transitions.

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