Understanding DoS and DDoS Attack Types and How to Defend Against Them

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Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks disrupt services by exhausting system or network resources across multiple layers, from bandwidth to application APIs. Attacks are broadly categorized by the resource they target, including volumetric attacks like UDP and ICMP floods that saturate network capacity, and TCP-based attacks such as SYN floods that overwhelm connection-handling systems. Each attack type requires tailored defenses; for example, volumetric attacks benefit from upstream filtering, CDN protection, and traffic scrubbing, while SYN floods are countered with SYN cookies and stateful filtering. Reflection attacks further complicate defense by leveraging third-party systems to amplify traffic toward a victim. The article, published on DEV Community for educational and defensive security purposes, emphasizes that understanding attack classification is key to applying effective and targeted mitigations.

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