Tokenization Explained: How AI Models Convert Text Into Numbers
Tokenization is the process by which AI models break input text into smaller units called tokens before processing it, since computers work with numbers rather than raw language. Each token is assigned a numerical identifier called a token ID, allowing the model to perform mathematical operations on the text. Tokens do not always correspond to whole words; uncommon or lengthy words are often split into smaller subword units, which helps models handle rare terms, names, and technical vocabulary. This subword approach means a model does not need to store every possible word in its vocabulary, instead combining reusable pieces to represent new or unseen words. Tokenization is equally applicable to programming languages, enabling AI coding assistants to process and generate code across dozens of languages such as Python, JavaScript, and SQL.
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