Three-Layer Error Handling Framework Helps Developers Write Scalable Code

A software developer has outlined a structured approach to error handling, arguing that bolting on error logic after writing the main code path leads to inconsistent and hard-to-debug systems. The framework separates error handling into three distinct layers: detection, propagation, and presentation, each with a dedicated responsibility. The author recommends throwing exceptions for truly unforeseeable failures like network outages, while returning result objects for predictable failures such as input validation errors. A TypeScript-based result pattern is presented to demonstrate how consistent error shapes can eliminate ambiguity across a codebase. The piece also emphasizes preserving error context when wrapping exceptions, so that log chains clearly trace failures back to their root cause.