The technical steps from typing a URL to a page loading in your browser

Entering a URL initiates a multi-step technical process before a webpage loads. First, the browser translates the domain name into a numerical IP address via DNS, checking various local and network caches for efficiency. With the IP address, the browser establishes a connection to the server using the TCP protocol's three-way handshake. For secure HTTPS sites, a TLS negotiation then occurs to establish an encrypted connection. Finally, the browser sends an HTTP request for the page content and renders the HTML response.