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Study audits if published reference lists still cite retracted papers

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A 2026 audit tested the OpenAlex database's ability to identify retracted papers in published reference lists. Using a sample of 120 known retractions, OpenAlex correctly flagged 95.8% as retracted, showing high agreement with the authoritative Crossref database. In live audits of reference lists from 2019-2025, no retracted citations were found, though the sample size limits definitive conclusions. A seeded control test successfully identified a known retracted paper, proving the audit pipeline functions.

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Study audits if published reference lists still cite retracted papers · ShortSingh