Sierra Nevada mountain ponds swing 20°C daily, face climate threat

Scientists are studying small mountain ponds in California's Sierra Nevada that experience dramatic daily temperature swings of up to 20°C. Winter snowpack plays a critical role in determining both the size and temperature of these ponds during summer months. Reduced snowfall results in warmer, shrinking ponds where nutrients become increasingly concentrated. Climate change projections warn of declining snowpack, putting these fragile ecosystems under growing stress. Despite their small size, these water bodies are vital to mountain biodiversity and nutrient cycling processes.