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React at 10: Why Meta Built It and How the Virtual DOM Changed Web Dev

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React is an open-source JavaScript library created by engineers at Meta (Facebook) and first released in 2013 for building user interfaces, particularly single-page applications. It was developed to address the growing complexity of managing frequent DOM updates in large-scale web applications, where traditional approaches using JavaScript and jQuery became difficult to maintain. React introduced the Virtual DOM, a lightweight in-memory representation of the actual DOM, which allows the library to calculate the minimal set of changes needed before updating the browser. Its component-based architecture lets developers break complex interfaces into small, reusable, independently testable pieces. The library's declarative programming model, combined with a rich ecosystem including React Router, Redux, and Next.js, has made it one of the most widely adopted UI frameworks among developers and enterprises globally.

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