Prompt Injection Ranked Top LLM Threat for Second Year Running, OWASP Warns
Prompt injection, a cyberattack that manipulates Large Language Models by embedding malicious instructions within user inputs, has been ranked the most critical LLM vulnerability (LLM01) by OWASP's 2025 Top 10 list for the second consecutive year. The attack works by exploiting an LLM's inability to reliably distinguish between its core instructions and the data it processes, causing it to override legitimate programming. Businesses using AI for customer support, automation, and data analysis are particularly at risk, as successful attacks can lead to data leaks, unauthorized actions, and compliance failures. Advanced variants include cross-model injection, where corrupted output from one AI is passed to another in a chain, amplifying the attack's reach across enterprise systems. Security experts with experience building AI systems emphasize that understanding and mitigating prompt injection is critical for organizations globally that depend on AI for core operations.
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