Power Distribution Architecture in Autonomous Mobile Robots: Batteries, BMS and Safety

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This chapter of the AMR Mechanical and Electrical Engineering series examines how power systems underpin autonomous mobile robots across indoor logistics, hospitals, factories and outdoor patrol applications. It describes an energy flow running from battery storage through the Battery Management System and Power Distribution Unit to DC-DC converters and loads such as motors, sensors and computers. Lithium-based chemistries like LFP and NMC are discussed, with LFP favored for longevity and thermal stability and NMC for energy density. The text also covers voltage domain separation, the high power demands of drive motors and AI computing hardware, and design requirements such as fault isolation, emergency-stop safety circuits and redundancy for high-availability deployments.

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