Power BI Data Modelling: Schemas, Relationships, and DAX Functions Explained

Power BI is a Microsoft business analytics tool used to connect, clean, model, and visualize data through components including Desktop, Service, and Mobile apps. DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) is Power BI's formula language, enabling custom calculations such as SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, IF, and RANKX that go beyond raw dataset capabilities. Data modelling in Power BI involves structuring tables and defining relationships — One-to-Many, One-to-One, or Many-to-Many — to support accurate and scalable analysis. Tables can be organized using schemas, with the Flat Table being simple but prone to performance issues, while the Star Schema places a central fact table surrounded by dimension tables for better efficiency. The Star Schema is the recommended approach as it reduces data repetition, improves report performance, and simplifies DAX measure creation.
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