PDF subsets can keep the right pages yet show wrong page labels

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A PDF subset may contain exactly the selected pages and matching extracted text while still reporting misleading page labels. In a small browser test, a six-page synthetic file reduced to source pages 3, 4, and 6 kept the correct content, but its labels came from the start of the source, showing COVER, i, and 1. The article distinguishes three separate values: a page's position, its logical label, and the number printed on the page, noting that changing the page list does not rewrite printed numbers. The author attributes the mismatch to /PageLabels rules being interpreted against the new page sequence, though the exact responsible function was not identified. A read-only Python audit script using pypdf is provided to check whether output labels match the selected source labels, and the author states it is not a general PDF validator.

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