Oracle SQL: Four Built-in JSON Functions That Transform Relational Data

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Oracle Database offers four built-in SQL functions — JSON_OBJECT, JSON_OBJECTAGG, JSON_ARRAY, and JSON_ARRAYAGG — to convert relational table data into JSON format directly within SQL queries. JSON_OBJECT and JSON_ARRAY are scalar functions that operate row by row, producing a JSON object or array for each individual record. In contrast, JSON_OBJECTAGG and JSON_ARRAYAGG are aggregate functions that consolidate multiple rows into a single JSON document or array respectively. JSON_ARRAYAGG is particularly useful in API development and reporting, while JSON_OBJECTAGG suits scenarios requiring dynamic serialization of query results for REST APIs or NoSQL migrations. Developers can practice these functions using Oracle's standard EMP table, which contains employee fields such as EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, and SAL.

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