One Bug, Three Patches: Why Only a General Auth Rule Fixes IDOR Vulnerabilities

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A fictional code-review exercise illustrates how developers can misjudge security fixes by only testing the originally reported exploit. The scenario involves an invoice API where any authenticated user can access another user's invoice simply by changing the ID in the URL — a classic Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw. Three proposed patches are evaluated: one blocks only the specific reported invoice, one removes access entirely, and one correctly enforces ownership by cross-checking the invoice against the authenticated session user. The exercise highlights that stopping a known exploit is insufficient evidence of a real fix, since a targeted patch can leave the broader vulnerability class intact. The author is developing Breachloom, a browser-based platform designed to help learners practice this kind of security reasoning through code-repair exercises.

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