n8n Expressions Guide: Use Dynamic Data Across Workflow Nodes
n8n expressions allow users to inject live data, perform calculations, format dates, and build strings dynamically within any workflow node field. Written in JavaScript and wrapped in double curly braces, expressions can reference the current item's data via $json or pull values from any previous node by name. Built-in variables such as $now for timestamps, $vars for workflow-level constants, and $env for environment secrets extend functionality further. Common use cases include generating dynamic URLs, formatting dates for spreadsheets, combining name fields, and safely handling missing data with nullish coalescing. Developers can activate expression mode in any n8n input field by clicking the equals icon, with a live preview pane displaying results in real time.
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