MCP Primitives Decoded: Tools, Resources, and Prompts for Agentic AI

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A developer debugging a LangGraph-based flight-booking AI discovered the system was misusing MCP prompts due to insufficient context, leading to irrelevant flight suggestions. The experience highlighted the importance of correctly applying the three core primitives of the Model Context Protocol: tools, resources, and prompts. Tools are reusable functions designed to perform specific, well-defined tasks such as querying flight options based on user preferences. Resources represent data sources like databases or APIs that the system draws on to inform decisions. Prompts are used to generate natural-language or other output from given inputs, and choosing the right primitive for each task is key to building reliable agentic AI systems.

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