Load Balancing Explained: How Internet Traffic Is Distributed Across Servers
A load balancer is a system that distributes incoming web traffic across multiple backend servers to prevent any single server from being overwhelmed. It provides high availability by automatically rerouting traffic if one server fails, and allows infrastructure to scale up or down based on demand. Five core routing algorithms are commonly used: Round Robin, Least Connections, IP Hash, Least Response Time, and Weighted distribution, each suited to different use cases. Round Robin works best for identical servers handling uniform requests, while Least Connections suits long-lived or variable workloads like streaming and chat apps. IP Hash ensures session persistence by consistently routing a user to the same server, making it useful for legacy apps that store session data locally.
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