Kruskal–Wallis Test: A Nonparametric Method for Comparing Three or More Groups
The Kruskal–Wallis test is a nonparametric statistical technique for comparing three or more independent groups. It serves as an alternative when data fails to meet the assumptions required for a one-way ANOVA, and it is applicable in fields such as education, business, psychology, and healthcare. The test checks whether group distributions differ, and it requires independent groups, ranked outcomes, and independence of observations. Its output is an H statistic and a p-value; a p-value below a threshold like 0.05 suggests at least one group differs, but does not identify which ones, so follow-up tests may be necessary.
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