Key Solana Smart Contract Vulnerabilities Every Developer Should Know

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Solana program exploits most commonly stem from a small set of recurring validation mistakes, not complex cryptography. Unlike Ethereum, Solana programs are stateless, meaning all account data is passed in by the caller and the runtime does not verify account legitimacy on its own. This places the full burden of validation — including signer checks, owner verification, and PDA seed confirmation — on the program author. Common bugs include missing signer constraints, unchecked account ownership, type confusion between accounts with identical memory layouts, and improper Program Derived Address validation. Developers using Rust or Anchor are advised to use typed account wrappers and Anchor's built-in constraints to catch these issues automatically.

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