JavaScript prototypes explained as key mechanism for inheritance and method sharing

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JavaScript uses prototypes to enable inheritance, property lookup, and shared behavior between objects. This mechanism operates underneath modern class syntax, allowing methods to be stored once on a prototype and accessed by all object instances. When a property is not found on an object itself, JavaScript searches up the prototype chain until it locates the property or reaches the end. Understanding prototypes is essential for reasoning about both traditional constructor functions and contemporary class-based JavaScript code.

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