JavaScript Explained: The Language That Makes Websites Interactive

JavaScript is a programming language that adds behavior and logic to web applications, working alongside HTML for structure and CSS for styling. While HTML defines what exists on a page and CSS controls its appearance, JavaScript handles what the page actually does — such as responding to button clicks, validating forms, and fetching server data. Modern browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari each use dedicated JavaScript engines, such as V8 and SpiderMonkey, to execute the code. Beyond browsers, JavaScript can also run server-side through Node.js, a runtime built on Google's V8 engine. Together, these environments make JavaScript one of the most versatile programming languages in use today.
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