Java Developers Compare LLM Frameworks Against Raw SDK for Building AI Agents

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A developer evaluation post on DEV Community examines how to build the same tool-using AI agent three ways in Java: using Anthropic's raw SDK, LangChain4j, and Spring AI. The experiment uses an identical agent setup — one system prompt, two callable tools, and a single user turn — to ensure a fair comparison across all three approaches. The two tools tested are a weather lookup function and a basic arithmetic calculator with a whitelisted operation argument, the latter designed to avoid unsafe model-generated inputs. The post also references how the same framework abstractions apply to RAG pipelines, extending the comparison beyond simple tool-calling agents. Rather than declaring a winner, the goal is to give Java developers a structured basis for choosing the right approach for their own projects.

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