How Web3 Economic Activity Builds Businesses Layer by Layer

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A new framework for understanding Web3 proposes mapping the ecosystem by economic activity rather than by blockchain infrastructure. The model identifies nine layers, starting from destination applications like trading and lending platforms at the top, down to base blockchain settlement infrastructure at the bottom. Successful applications such as Uniswap, Aave, and Polymarket generate demand that spawns businesses across adjacent layers, including data tools, risk management, wallets, and developer infrastructure. Each layer exists because real user activity at higher levels creates problems that need solving, making application adoption the engine of the broader ecosystem. The framework also notes that capital, liquidity, and autonomous software cut across all layers, and that many companies intentionally operate at multiple levels simultaneously.

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