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How to Send Telegram Bot Messages in PHP Using cURL with Full Error Handling

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Developers can send Telegram bot messages using PHP's cURL extension by calling the sendMessage API method over HTTPS. A minimal helper function handles the full request lifecycle, including reading the bot token from an environment variable, building the payload, and setting connection timeouts. The function performs layered error checks: verifying the HTTP status code, safely decoding the JSON response, and confirming that Telegram's 'ok' field returns true. If any of these checks fail, the function throws a descriptive runtime exception to help diagnose the issue. The guide focuses strictly on the sendMessage call and does not cover webhook management, SDK functionality, or state persistence.

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