How to Rotate TLS Certificates in Apigee X Without Causing API Downtime

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Certificate and key rotation in production API environments is a critical maintenance task that, if done incorrectly, can cause SSL handshake failures and widespread API outages. In Apigee X, the recommended approach involves uploading a new certificate alongside the existing one rather than replacing it immediately, ensuring both are valid during a transition period. Traffic is then gradually shifted to the new certificate by updating Target Servers, Environment Groups, or load balancer listeners, followed by thorough testing via curl and monitoring dashboards. Only after confirming stable operation and allowing time for DNS propagation and client cache expiration should the old certificate be removed. This overlapping strategy mirrors enterprise best practices for zero-downtime rotation and applies to TLS, mutual TLS, and Keystore or Truststore configurations within Apigee X.

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