How to Build Full EC2 Observability on AWS Using CloudWatch Agent

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A hands-on lab guide demonstrates how to extend AWS EC2 monitoring beyond default metrics by deploying the CloudWatch Agent inside instances. While EC2 basic monitoring captures only CPU, network, disk I/O, and status checks via the hypervisor, the CloudWatch Agent unlocks OS-level visibility including memory usage, disk space, Nginx process status, and application logs. The lab covers two scenarios: installing the agent on an already-running EC2 instance and bootstrapping it automatically on a new instance via User Data. The full observability pipeline flows from EC2 through CloudWatch Metrics and Logs to a Dashboard, then triggers Alarms and SNS email notifications when thresholds are breached. Instance access is managed securely through AWS Systems Manager Session Manager, eliminating the need for SSH or open ports.

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