How QUIC and HTTP/3 Are Replacing TCP to Fix Web Performance Bottlenecks
TCP, the internet transport protocol in use for over 40 years, suffers from a flaw called Head-of-Line Blocking, where a single lost data packet stalls all subsequent data on a connection. Google began developing QUIC in 2013 as an internal project to address this limitation, and it later became the foundation of the HTTP/3 standard. Unlike TCP, QUIC runs over UDP and implements its own stream-level multiplexing, meaning a lost packet in one stream does not block others. QUIC also embeds TLS 1.3 encryption natively, eliminating a separate handshake step and reducing connection setup time compared to HTTP/2 over TCP. Today all major browsers and web servers support HTTP/3, though many developers and administrators remain unfamiliar with the technical changes and new considerations it introduces.
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