How Login Authentication Works: From Browser Click to Server Verification

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When a user clicks 'Login', the browser sends their credentials via an HTTP POST request to a backend API endpoint over HTTPS, keeping the data encrypted in transit. The backend first validates the input before querying the database to check whether an account with the provided email exists. Passwords are never stored in plain text; instead, databases hold hashed versions of passwords for security. The server then compares the submitted password against the stored hash to verify the user's identity. If verification succeeds, the backend issues a session or token, which the browser uses to maintain the logged-in state for subsequent requests.

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