How Ghidra Can Be Adapted to Reverse Engineer Unknown Binary Architectures

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Ghidra, the open-source reverse engineering tool, relies on specification files like .slaspec and .sla to define processor instruction sets and decode binaries. When analyzing a binary built for an undocumented or unknown processor, these specification files are absent, causing Ghidra to render unreadable output and produce corrupted disassembly. To address this, engineers must shift Ghidra from its default aggressive disassembly mode to a conservative, opportunistic approach that only decodes bytes where explicitly permitted. This prevents cascading errors in control flow graphs and register tracking by isolating only verified execution blocks. Ghidra's modular Java-based architecture allows analysts to disable automatic analyzers and construct minimal custom SLEIGH modules to gradually reconstruct the unknown instruction set.

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