How DNS Resolution Translates Web Addresses Into IP Addresses

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DNS (Domain Name System) resolution is the process that converts human-readable domain names, such as google.com, into numerical IP addresses that computers use to communicate. When a user types a web address, the request passes through a chain of servers — a recursive resolver, a root server, a TLD server, and finally an authoritative name server — to retrieve the correct IP. For engineers and system administrators, DNS is a critical tool for managing web traffic, enabling server failovers, and maintaining high availability across data centers. DNS lookup speed also directly impacts website performance, prompting engineers to use CDNs and configure Time-to-Live (TTL) cache settings to reduce latency. Understanding DNS resolution is considered foundational knowledge for anyone working in web infrastructure or software development.

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