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How an MCP payment gateway prevents AI agents from paying twice on retried API calls

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When an AI agent's paid API call succeeds on payment but the response is lost, a naive retry can charge the agent again for the same work. The gateway's first layer relies on x402 on Base, where each signed USDC authorization carries a nonce the token contract accepts only once, so a resent payment fails on chain. For order payments, agents can attach a payment identifier that returns the stored result for repeated requests for 24 hours, while mismatched details trigger a conflict error. Payments whose settlement status is unclear are treated as unknown rather than failed, and a background job checks the chain to resolve them without ever re-settling. Tool calls are charged only when a response is delivered, so provider failures are not billed.

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