How a Browser Turns a URL Press Into a Webpage: DNS, TCP and QUIC Explained

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The article walks through what happens after a user types a URL such as https://example.com into a browser and presses Enter. The browser first checks the URL and any local caches before deciding whether a network request is needed. It then performs DNS resolution, querying caches and then root, TLD, and authoritative servers to translate the domain name into an IP address. Next, the connection is established, traditionally via TCP's three-way handshake, while HTTP/3 instead relies on QUIC over UDP with built-in TLS 1.3. The piece is a technical primer aimed at explaining the multi-layer work hidden behind a simple page load.

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