Graph Theory in C#: BFS, DFS, and Real-World Problem Solving Explained

A technical tutorial published on DEV Community demonstrates how to apply graph theory concepts in C# to solve practical problems such as resolving nested role-based permissions. The article covers core vocabulary, including the distinction between directed and undirected graphs, which the author identifies as the most common source of silent bugs in hand-written graph code. It walks through implementing a generic Graph class using a dictionary of HashSets to prevent duplicate edges and ensure efficient traversal. Breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) are both explained with working C# code, highlighting key implementation details like when to mark nodes as visited. The guide also addresses finding all connected components by iterating over unvisited nodes and launching fresh traversals from each.