Google Cloud IAP Offers a Low-Cost Way to Lock Down Staging Environments

Staging environments are often publicly accessible by default, creating security risks such as search engine indexing or unauthorized access by former employees. Google Cloud's Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) addresses this by adding an authentication check at the load balancer level, requiring a verified Google identity before any request reaches the backend. Setting it up involves enabling the IAP toggle on a backend service and granting access to specific users or groups via IAM roles. The solution works seamlessly for browser-based clients, which are redirected through a Google sign-in flow and issued a session cookie. However, non-browser clients such as mobile apps, CI pipelines, or scripts require a different approach, using bearer tokens or service-account credentials instead of the standard OAuth redirect.
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