Google, AWS, and Azure Agent Frameworks Compared: Same Protocol, Different Developer Experience

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A developer built identical AI research agents across Google ADK, AWS Strands, and Azure Agent Framework, all communicating via the A2A protocol, to isolate framework-level differences from model-level ones. Each framework uses a different parameter name for the system prompt and handles model configuration at a different level of abstraction — a string ID in ADK, a model object in Strands, and a full chat client in Azure. Tool binding also diverges: Strands requires explicit decoration with a custom decorator, while ADK and Agent Framework accept plain callables but process them differently internally. The agents were hosted on Cloud Run, Bedrock AgentCore, and Azure Container Apps respectively, with all other variables — instructions, search tools, scoring rubrics, and wire format — kept identical across clouds. The experiment concluded that A2A interoperability works reliably, but the surrounding framework conventions are non-trivial to abstract away and directly affect where application logic must live.

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