Global time zones are messier than you think, data from 162 places shows

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An analysis of 162 cities, countries, and regions using the IANA timezone database reveals that global time zones are far from a neat grid of whole-hour offsets. Eleven of the 162 places use non-whole-hour offsets, including Nepal's unique UTC+5:45, the only 45-minute offset in the dataset. Nearly half of all tracked locations — 75 out of 162 — never observe daylight saving time, including major cities like Tokyo, Dubai, and New Delhi. Four UTC offsets alone account for nearly half of all 162 places, with UTC−5 covering 25 locations and UTC+1 covering 21. The data underscores that time zones are political decisions rather than astronomical ones, spanning a total range of 22 hours from UTC−10 in Honolulu to UTC+12 in New Zealand and Fiji.

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