Gas turbines and transformers, not chips, are throttling AI data center expansion
The primary bottleneck slowing AI data center construction is not semiconductor supply but the physical equipment needed to deliver power — specifically gas turbines and large transformers. The global gas turbine market is dominated by just three manufacturers — GE Vernova, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and Siemens Energy — and lead times on new heavy-duty orders are running around three years. GE Vernova alone signed 21 GW of new gas turbine agreements in Q1 2026, pushing its total contracted gigawatts to 100 GW, while Siemens Energy reported a 62% surge in Gas Services orders with a book-to-bill ratio of 2.65. Large power transformers face similar constraints, with a Wood Mackenzie survey citing average US lead times of around 128 weeks and prices roughly 80% above 2019 levels. Until these supply chains ease, power availability — not chip production — remains the binding constraint on how fast AI infrastructure can scale.
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