FastAPI App Gets Authentication: Hashing, JWTs, and Per-User Data Guards
A developer building a personal expense-tracking API with FastAPI reached Phase 3 of the project, focused entirely on adding authentication and authorization. The earlier version had no access controls, meaning anyone with server access could read or modify all data, and every expense was assigned to a hardcoded placeholder user. Phase 3 introduced password hashing via passlib and bcrypt, JWT-based login tokens using PyJWT, and a gatekeeper function to identify the logged-in user on each request. All expense endpoints were locked down so users can only access their own records, closing an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability. The update also retired the temporary hardcoded user ID and added python-multipart to support standard form-based login flows.
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